In the early 1960s Philips Eindhoven tasked two different teams to design a tape cartridge for thinner and narrower tape compared to what was used in reel-to-reel tape recorders. Reel-to-reel tape then became more suitable for household use, but still remained an esoteric product. This was aided by the introduction of transistors which replaced the bulky, fragile, and costly vacuum tubes of earlier designs. Ĭonsumer use of magnetic tape machines took off in the early 1960s, after playback machines reached a comfortable, user-friendly design. Despite the multiple versions, it failed. The cartridge was large at 5 x 7 1/8 x 1/2 inches (127 x 197 x 13 mm), and few pre-recorded tapes were offered. In 1958, following four years of development, RCA Victor introduced the stereo, quarter-inch, reversible, reel-to-reel RCA tape cartridge. By 1953, 1 million US homes had tape machines. First used in studios to record radio programs, tape recorders quickly found their way into schools and homes. In the US, Ampex, using equipment obtained in Germany as a starting point, began commercial production of tape recorders. Īfter the Second World War, the magnetic tape recording technology proliferated across the world. These machines were very expensive and relatively difficult to use and were, therefore, used mostly by professionals in radio stations and recording studios. It was based on the invention of the magnetic tape by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928. In 1935, AEG released the first reel-to-reel tape recorder with the commercial name " Magnetophon". This reversal is achieved either by manually flipping the cassette when the tape comes to an end, or by the reversal of tape movement, known as "auto-reverse", when the mechanism detects that the tape has ended. Two stereo pairs of tracks (four total) or two monaural audio tracks are available on the tape one stereo pair or one monophonic track is played or recorded when the tape is moving in one direction and the second (pair) when moving in the other direction. The tape itself is commonly referred to as "eighth-inch" tape, supposedly 1⁄ 8 inch (0.125 in 3.17 mm) wide, but actually slightly larger, at 0.15 inches (3.81 mm).
These spools and their attendant parts are held inside a protective plastic shell which is 4 by 2.5 by 0.5 inches (10.2 cm × 6.35 cm × 1.27 cm) at its largest dimensions. Ĭompact Cassettes contain two miniature spools, between which the magnetically coated, polyester-type plastic film (magnetic tape) is passed and wound. Compact Cassette tapes remain in production as of 2022 and survive as a niche format, continuing to receive some new music releases.
It became an extremely popular format for prerecorded music, first alongside the LP record and later the digital compact disc (CD) the latter format eventually caused prerecorded cassettes to fade into obscurity by the mid-1990s in many countries, but it continued to be popular well into the 2000s in some other countries as well as for home recording purposes.
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Its uses have ranged from portable audio to home recording to data storage for early microcomputers the Compact Cassette technology was originally designed for dictation machines, but improvements in fidelity led to it supplanting the stereo 8-track cartridge and reel-to-reel tape recording in most non-professional audio applications by the mid-1970s. Although other tape cassette formats have also existed-for example the Microcassette-the generic term cassette tape is normally used to refer to the Compact Cassette because of its ubiquity. Both forms have two sides and are reversible by the user.
Invented by Lou Ottens and his team at the Dutch company Philips in 1963, Compact Cassettes come in two forms, either containing content as a prerecorded cassette ( Musicassette), or as a fully recordable "blank" cassette. The Compact Cassette, also commonly called a cassette tape, audio cassette, or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback.
Most commonly 30, 45, and 60 minutes per side (C60, C90, and C120)
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